He mea koʻikoʻi nā mea koʻikoʻi no nā huakaʻi waho

He mea koʻikoʻi ia no ke kaʻina huakaʻi huakaʻi waho, a hiki ke paʻakikī ke nānā i nā mea e hoʻopaʻa ai no nā pilikia pilikia. He mea paʻakikī paha ka loiloi i ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai no nā pilikia ulia pōpilikia no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, a hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka lawe nui ʻana.

Nui nā kūlana e hiki mai ana: (1) hoʻi lohi, (2) luhi, (3) ʻino, (4) hele pō, (5) ʻeha a maʻi paha, a ke hoʻomau nei kēia mau kūlana. He mea nui e hōʻoia i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi pilikia a i ʻole kahi kūlana i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a he mea nui e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lako pono, no ka mea, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku ma mua o kou pono e hoʻonui ai i ke kaumaha o kāu ʻeke a hoʻolohi i kou holomua. . kukui poʻo (me nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā ʻuala), (4) meaʻai ʻokoʻa, (5) nā lole ʻokoʻa, (6) makaaniani, (7) pahi Swiss, (8) puhi, (9) māmā, (10) pahu kōkua mua.

Nā kukui

ʻO ke kukui a i ʻole ka lama he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā mea hana, akā pono e wehe ʻia nā pihi inā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i ka ʻino, ʻaʻohe wai o kekahi mau kukui a i ʻole ka wai, inā manaʻo ʻoe he mea nui ka wai e kūʻai i kekahi o kēia mau puʻupuʻu wai. Inā manaʻo ʻoe he pilikia i ka wā o ka huakaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi paʻi e paʻa paʻa i kahi, e wehe i ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole e wehe i nā pā, e hoʻohana i ke kukui poʻo me kahi lōʻihi hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, ke noho ʻoe i loko o ka hale lole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana. kukui laha e hoonui i ka laula o ka malamalama, ina oe e hele ana, hiki ke hoololi ia i ka kukuna pololei hookahi i mea e alohi hou aku ai ke kukui, aole paa ka pumbi no ka manawa loihi, oi aku ka maikai o ka lawe ana i ka ipukukui kaawale e like me ʻO ka halogen krypton argon bulb Hoʻopuka lākou i ka wela a ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o nā puʻupuʻu vacuum tube (vacuumbulb) ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana e kiʻekiʻe ka amperage a pōkole ke ola pākaukau, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā puʻupuʻu e hōʻailona ʻia me ka amperage ma lalo a ʻo ka awelika o ke ola pākaukau he 4 amps / hola, e like ana me 8 mau hola no ka pumbi 0.5 amp.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu alkaline ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana uila ma mua o nā pihi alakaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a loaʻa iā 10% a 20% wale nō o ka mana ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hāʻule nui ka uila ke hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻO nā pākahi Nickel-cadmium: hiki ke hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia i mau tausani mau manawa, hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi nui o ka mana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pā alkaline i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 0F mau ka 70% o ka mana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka piʻi ʻana. e lawe i ka pilahi kaha kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā standardnicads) ʻO nā Lithiumbatteries he 2-3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā nicad maʻamau.

ʻO nā Lithiumbatteries ʻelua manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā pākaukau maʻamau. ʻElua mau manawa o ka amperage/manawa o ka pākaukau lithium i ʻelua mau ʻāpana alkaline a maikaʻi hoʻi e like me ka mahana o ka lumi ma 0F, akā he pipiʻi loa a loaʻa ka uila mau.

ʻAi kaʻawale

Lawe i ka meaʻai no ka lā i ka wā ʻino, nalowale, ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki i ka lawe ʻana i kahi meaʻai ke hāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika no ka hoʻi hope ʻole ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka manawa maikaʻi hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoikaika noʻonoʻo.

Nā lole ʻokoʻa

ʻO nā lole komo loko, nā pūkuʻu waho, nā kāmaʻa hoʻomoana, nā lole komo, nā pālule waho, ka pālule, ka hulu hipa a i ʻole ka puʻu lole, ka pāpale, nā mīkina lima a me nā mea ua kūpono i nā mahana āpau a me nā lole ʻokoʻa no nā bivouac hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia.

ʻAʻohe ʻano a i ʻole ka nui o nā lole ʻokoʻa, akā ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka pullover jumper no ka hele ʻana i ke kauwela, a me nā soka hoʻomaha e pani i nā lole pulu inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hehi i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​lua wai.

E hoʻohana i ke kola lima lōʻihi a i ʻole ke kola kiʻekiʻe i pelu ʻia e pale ai i kou ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo, he balaclava, he pāpale mānoanoa inā e ʻaʻahu ana i ka ʻaʻahu huluhulu, nā pūkini mānoanoa, a me nā mīkina lima polyesterorpile no kou mau lima. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe piʻi e lawe mai i kahi ʻeke bivouac ma kahi o hoʻokahi paona me kahi pale palupalu.

Makaanianiani

Ma ke ʻano o ke kukui ultraviolet, ʻo ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia mai ka hau ma 10,000 fʻoi aku ma mua o 50 ma kahakai a hiki ke hōʻino maʻalahi i ka retina o ka maka ʻōlohelohe, e hōʻeha nui ai i kapa ʻia ʻo snow blindness. No nā makaaniani hele wāwae glacier pono ʻoe i ka helu hoʻouna o 5-10 a no nā makaaniani multi-purpose he 20. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻalahi i kou mau maka i ke aniani, ʻālohilohi loa. ʻO ke kala o nā aniani he hina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha - inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ke kala ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā aniani melemele inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike pono i nā lā ao a i ʻole nā ​​​​lā noe. Pono ka pale ʻaoʻao o nā makaaniani e hōʻemi i ke komo ʻana o ka lā i loko o nā maka, akā pono e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia i mea e pale aku ai i ka pua ʻana, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lens anti-fog a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe anti-fog. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe piʻi ʻoi aku ka makemake e hoʻohana i nā leki hoʻopili i ko lākou paheʻe ʻana ma luna o ke alahaka o ka ihu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike maka me ka ʻole o ka wai, akā aia nō nā hemahema e like me ka nui o ka lā, ke one a me ka lepo e hiki ai ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka maka, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi. hoʻomaʻemaʻe a mālama ʻia ma ka ʻāina.

Puke kōkua mua

Hiki iā mākou ke hana me ka trauma maʻalahi a hoʻopaʻa i nā maʻi a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou mai nā mauna i ka hikiwawe. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā lāʻau kōkua mua i loko o nā pahu wai a paʻa.

Nā pahi Swiss

He mea nui ka pahi no ka kuke ʻana, ke ahi, ke kōkua mua a me ka piʻi pōhaku. ʻElua mau maka o ka pahi, ʻo ka irrigator, ka screwdriver, ka wili ʻoi, ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōmole, ka ʻokiʻoki, pono e hana ʻia me ke kila kila a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nakinaki ʻia me ke kaula lahilahi e pale aku ai i ka poho.

Nā mea hoʻomaka ahi

Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​kukui kukui no ka pale ʻana i ka pulu a me ka hiki ʻole ke hana.

I nā pilikia a i ʻole i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka lāʻau pulu, pono e hoʻohana i ka puhi ahi, e hana i mea inu e pale ai i ke anuanu, a no nā ahi maʻamau e like me nā kukui, nā kemika paʻa, etc.